American Oil and Gas Reporter - April 2015 - 56

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56 THE AMERICAN OIL & GAS REPORTER

posed method for handling and disposing
of flowback fluid and produced water.
The rule focuses on the total volume
of fluid recovered from a well, regardless
of how the fluid is defined or when it is
recovered, and requires operators to report
the total volume of fluid recovered between completing hydraulic fracturing operations and beginning production.
All recovered fluids are to be stored in
rigid, enclosed, covered, or netted and
screened aboveground tanks not to exceed
500 barrels in capacity. Although BLM
may grant advance approval to store recovered fluids in lined pits, such approval
will be granted only in limited circumstances when the operator demonstrates
that using tanks is infeasible for environmental, public health or safety reasons.
If allowed, pits must meet additional
requirements that include minimum setbacks from certain bodies of water, residences, schools and businesses, as well as
quality and inspection requirements.

Cementing And Construction
The final rule includes a number of
provisions designed to protect "usable water" from hydraulic fracturing activities.
Usable water includes sources of water usable for drinking, agricultural or industrial purposes.
The final rule requires operators to isolate all usable water from mineral-bearing formations and to protect water-bearing formations from contamination. Operators must monitor and record several
metrics already closely watched during cementing operations, including the flow
rate, density, and pump pressure.
Operators also must submit a cement
operation monitoring report "for each casing string used to isolate and protect usable water." Cement monitoring reports
must be submitted at least 48 hours prior to commencing hydraulic fracturing operations, unless the appropriate agency official approves otherwise.
If a well already has been completed
pursuant to an APD that did not authorize hydraulic fracturing, the operator
must submit documentation to demonstrate that adequate cementing was
achieved no less than 48 hours before conducting hydraulic fracturing. In those
cases, operators must provide the relevant
documentation that is available, and BLM
may require additional testing or verification on a case-by-case basis.
Additionally, operators must provide
documentation of adequate surface casing.
If the casing is not cemented to the surface,
the operator must run a cement evaluation
log demonstrating that there is at least 200
feet of adequately bonded cement protecting the deepest usable water zone.



American Oil and Gas Reporter - April 2015

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of American Oil and Gas Reporter - April 2015

Contents
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