American Oil and Gas Reporter - May 2015 - 94
SpecialReport: Gas Compression Technology
the total produced gas volume, they can
provide 10-14 percent of the total gas revenue of the well and add about $1 a barrel of oil to total well revenue.
In some cases, flash gases can provide
even higher revenues. For instance, if a
well has to produce against higher gathering line pressures, the HPS gas volume
and Btu content per cubic foot will be lower while the flash gas volume will be correspondingly higher. The total gas volume
is relatively constant, since all the oil eventually is flashed at the same pressure in the
VRT.
Figure 2 shows the volume of flash gas
increasing with increasing HPS pressure,
with total Btu production increasing even
faster. At an HPS pressure of 75 psig, the
flash gas is about 5 percent of the volume and
8 percent of the Btu value. At 250 psig HPS
pressure, this triples to 16 percent and 25 percent, respectively. The value of the flash gases at these higher HPS pressures can add
$2.50-$3.00/bbl of oil to total well revenue.
Gas Lift Design
One near-universal characteristic of
shale oil wells is the need for some sort of
artificial lift to produce the liquids. Operators are using a number of techniques, including electric submersible pumps, rod
pumps and jet pumps. But gas lift is the one
technique that most commonly impacts facilities engineering. Although simple in
concept, the equipment required to inject
a high-pressure gas stream and increase
overall gas velocity enough to carry produced water and oil to the surface is
technically complex.
The injected gas normally is separated
on the surface, compressed, cooled and
reinjected into the well. A common guide-
TABLE 5
Well Production for Different Lift Gas Sources
Oil Production
Gas Production
Actual
bbl/d
No Gas Lift
Pad Gas Lift
Rfg Gas Lift
Cryo Gas Lift
Standard
bbl/d
API Gravity
(D-323)
RPV
Mcf/d
Produced
Btu per cf
C2+ GPM
MMBtu/d
Bbl/d C2+
Liquids
468.1
467.3
464.1
463.6
458.9
458.3
454.8
454.2
41.53
41.46
41.16
41.09
6.98
6.97
6.50
6.33
591.2
590.8
616.6
615.1
1,427.4
1,425.9
1,470.9
1,469.0
9.223
9.207
9.823
9.773
843.9
842.4
907.0
903.5
129.8
129.5
144.2
143.1
American Oil and Gas Reporter - May 2015
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of American Oil and Gas Reporter - May 2015
Contents
American Oil and Gas Reporter - May 2015 - Cover1
American Oil and Gas Reporter - May 2015 - Cover2
American Oil and Gas Reporter - May 2015 - Contents
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