American Oil and Gas Reporter - June 2015 - 69
SpecialReport: Artificial Lift Technology
section is low and extending the tubing (which has a much smaller
diameter than casing) will increase the frictional pressure drop
considerably. If the surface condition allows, a better solution is
to drill a bilateral (or multilateral) well with the vertical section
located in the middle and the artificial lift apparatus located at
the bottom of the vertical section.
Plunger lift is effective for liquid unloading above the highly
deviated section in a horizontal gas well. Better modeling and
simulation of the plunger lift operation cycle are needed to optimize
frequency. On the other hand, the rapid production declines can
make ESPs unsuitable for long-term horizontal well production,
except for some highly productive offshore wells.
Gas interference is a challenge for artificial lift pumps in horizontal wells. Separators are needed to separate the gas from the
liquids and to smooth the fluctuations caused by slugging. Gas
separators designed for vertical flow may not perform adequately in horizontal wells because of more severe slugging and nonaxi-symmetric distribution of the gas and liquid phases. Modifications or new designs are needed. Sumps may be drilled for
gas separation and pump installations.
Monitoring is more important for production from a horizontal well because of its faster decline rate. Besides flow rate readings, measuring pressure along the lateral section can identify liquid loading and slugging issues, and artificial lift solutions can
be optimized to increase productivity and recovery.
r
HONG-QUAN
(HOLDEN)
ZHANG
Hong-Quan (Holden) Zhang is director of the University of
Tulsa Artificial Lift Projects and an associate professor of petroleum engineering. From 1998 to 2012, Zhang was a senior
research associate and associate director of the TU Fluid Flow
Projects, and principal investigator of the TU High-Viscosity
Oil Projects. In 1993 and 1994, as an Alexander von Humboldt
research fellow, Zhang conducted research at the Max Planck
Institute of Fluid Mechanics and the German Aerospace Research Establishment in Germany. Zhang's research interests
include multiphase flow in wells and pipelines, artificial lift, heat
and mass transfer, heavy oil and emulsion rheology, oil and gas
production, and flow assurance. He holds a B.S. and an M.S.
in thermal energy engineering from Xian Jiaotong University,
and a Ph.D. in fluid mechanics from Tianjin University.
JUNE 2015 69
American Oil and Gas Reporter - June 2015
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of American Oil and Gas Reporter - June 2015
Contents
American Oil and Gas Reporter - June 2015 - Cover1
American Oil and Gas Reporter - June 2015 - Cover2
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American Oil and Gas Reporter - June 2015 - Contents
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American Oil and Gas Reporter - June 2015 - Cover3
American Oil and Gas Reporter - June 2015 - Cover4
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