American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 66

SpecialReport: Hydraulic Fracturing Technology
FIGURE 1
Geographic Column of Delaware Basin
And Bone Spring

Age

Stratigraphic Unit
Lamar lst

Upper

Trap siltst
Ramsey sst
Ford siltst
Olds sst

Bell Canyon

Delaware Mtn Group

Guadalupian

Permian

Lower

Manzanita lst

Cherry Canyon

Ordovician

Silurian

Devonian

Leonardian

Cutoff
Bone Spring Fmn

Wolfcampian

Wolfcamp

Pennsylvanian

Carboniferous

Brushy Canyon

Cisco
Canyon

Mississippian

Strawn
Atoka
Morrow
Mississippian
Kinderhook
Woodford Shale

Late
Middle
Early
Pridoli
Ludlow

Devonian
Upper Silurian Shale

Wenlock
Llandovery
Upper
Middle
Lower

66 THE AMERICAN OIL & GAS REPORTER

Fusselman

Montoya
Simpson Group

Ellenburger

within the operating capacity of the commonly used natural frac sand. However,
results of the study found that the combination of multistage frac treatments,
frequent shut-ins caused by a subpar local
gas gathering network, and multiphase
high-flow rates mandated the higher-conductivity of ceramic proppant-a recommendation that was verified by independent third-party investigations.

Lateral Setting Depth
The fourth hurdle in the evolutionary
process centered on identifying the lateral
setting depths that would best exploit the
capacities of the high-conductive proppant
and medium-thin fracturing fluid. Therefore, a simulated landing study was initiated using a 3-D frac model that incorporated the frac fluid, proppant, offset
vertical well data, and subsurface mapping
inputs. The 3-D model was incorporated
in developing a workflow to independently
test four candidate landing depths in a
representative second-bench Bone Spring
well. The aim was to identify and isolate
the zones delivering the highest-quality
reservoirs.
Myriad and often-interrelated factors
affected the eventual selection of the targeted lateral depth setting, including the
total fracture height; low to medium stress
barriers; permeability between the landing
depth and the high stress barrier; the
carrier fluid's proppant transport capability;
frac fluid leak-off characteristics; the
proppant's density, shape and sphericity;
and the permeability changes and resulting
pay quality from the vertical aspect. It
was assumed that the total frac height
would be confined between two hard
lime streaks with roughly 243 feet of
pay, and that these boundaries would not
be breached with the medium-thin carrier
fluid and lateral placement just above
the hard streaks.
These low to medium stress barriers
typically crop up intermittently in the
third bench between the Red Hills and
upper sand body (Figure 3). Accordingly,
landing the lateral above the hard streaks
facilitates forcing frac fluid through the
lateral and into the Red Hills. While this
hard layer is considered a modest barrier,
pressure data are inconclusive in regard
to its capacity to help deflect proppant
upward to cover more of the Bone Spring
upper sand body.
As with vertical wells, designing frac
treatments for horizontals should consider
out-of-perforated-field permeability as a



American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015

Contents
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - Cover1
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - Cover2
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 3
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 4
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - Contents
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 6
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 7
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 8
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 9
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 10
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 11
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 12
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 13
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 14
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 15
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 16
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 17
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 18
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 19
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 20
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 21
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 22
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 23
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 24
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 25
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 26
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 27
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 28
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 29
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 30
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 31
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 32
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 33
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 34
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 35
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 36
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 37
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 38
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 39
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 40
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 41
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 42
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 43
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 44
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 45
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 46
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 47
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 48
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 49
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 50
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 51
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 52
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 53
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 54
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 55
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 56
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 57
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 58
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 59
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 60
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 61
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 62
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 63
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 64
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 65
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 66
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 67
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 68
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 69
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 70
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 71
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 72
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 73
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 74
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 75
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 76
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 77
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 78
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 79
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 80
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 81
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 82
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 83
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 84
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 85
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 86
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 87
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 88
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 89
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 90
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 91
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 92
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 93
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 94
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 95
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 96
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 97
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 98
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 99
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 100
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 101
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 102
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 103
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 104
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 105
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 106
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 107
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 108
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 109
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 110
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 111
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 112
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 113
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 114
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 115
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 116
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 117
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 118
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 119
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 120
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 121
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 122
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 123
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 124
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 125
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 126
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 127
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 128
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 129
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 130
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 131
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 132
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 133
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 134
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 135
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 136
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 137
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 138
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 139
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 140
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 141
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 142
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 143
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 144
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 145
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 146
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 147
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 148
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 149
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 150
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 151
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 152
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 153
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 154
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 155
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 156
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 157
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 158
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 159
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 160
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 161
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 162
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 163
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 164
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 165
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 166
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 167
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 168
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 169
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - 170
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - Cover3
American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2015 - Cover4
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201702/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201701/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201612/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201611/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201610/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/pbios2016_programguide/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201609/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201608/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201607/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201606/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201605/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201604/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201603/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201602/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201601/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201512/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201511/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201510/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201509/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201508/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201507/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201506/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201505/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201504/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201503/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201502/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201501/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201412/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201411/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201410/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201409/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/pbios2014_programguide/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201408/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201407/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201406/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201405/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201404/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201403/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201402/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201401/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201312/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201311/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201310/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201309/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201308/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201307/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201306/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201305/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201304/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201303/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201302/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201301/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201212/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201211/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201210/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201209/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/2012_pbios/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201208/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201207/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201206/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201205/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201204/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201203/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201202/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201201/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/demo/aogr_clone/stage.php
http://staging.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/aogr/201112/stage.php
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com