American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2015 - 19

oversight. Today's decisions are the
latest in a series of federal regulatory
actions that have discouraged (Arctic)
exploration and development."
American Petroleum Institute
Director of Upstream Erik Milito
agrees, "While it is not surprising that
DOI canceled the remaining lease sales
because there was an absence of
nominations, it is the significant
regulatory uncertainty that has created
the reluctance on the part of our
industry." ❒

Study Finds No Pollution
In Water From Fracturing
WASHINGTON-A national
academic study has found no evidence
that hydraulic fracturing fluids have
migrated into drinking water supplies,
the Independent Petroleum Association
of America reports.
According to IPAA and Energy in
Depth, the Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences' (PNAS) study
was led by researchers at Yale,
including Robert Jackson and Avner
Vengosh. The two previously had
worked on Duke University studies that
purported to find widespread
contamination from shale development,
IPAA points out.
"We found no evidence for direct
communication with shallow drinking
water wells (resulting from) upward
migration from shale horizons," the
PNAS study states. "This result is
encouraging, because it implies there is
some degree of temporal and spatial
separation between injected fluids and
the drinking water supply."
Most notably, the Yale-led
researchers also ruled out the possibility
of well casing failure as a cause of
contamination, EID comments.
Additionally, the chemical
concentrations that the researchers
found were "well below" federal
drinking water standards for human
consumption.
According to EID, Desiree Plata of
Yale University, who was part of the
PNAS study, explained in an interview
with National Public Radio that
contamination was found "only in a
handful of wells, and even using the
word 'contamination' is a stretch
because when these detections were
made, they were still at very low
concentrations."
In other words, EID explains, the
researchers point to the possibility that
any contamination could be naturally

occurring or could have resulted from
any industry, not necessarily natural gas
development.
"That is especially important in
Pennsylvania, because numerous studies
using base-line data have found water
contamination in wells long before any
development," EID writes. ❒

API Releases Latest Set
Of Fracturing Standards

WASHINGTON-The American
Petroleum Institute has released the
newest editions of its hydraulic
fracturing standards, which include
technical direction for operators
working to improve well integrity,
groundwater protection, and
environmental safety.
The standards were last updated in
2011, and API says its new standards
for shale development were developed
alongside robust state regulations to
ensure safe and responsible energy
development.
"Hydraulic fracturing has unlocked
vast energy resources, saving billions
for consumers and putting the United
States on a path to true energy
security," says API Director of
Standards David Miller. "Strong
standards are key to this country's
success as an energy leader, and that is
why we bring together regulators and
operators to promote proven practices
for environmental protection. This
update provides the latest guidance on
equipment, monitoring, storage, and
installation."
According to the institute, the two
new standards, ANSI/API
Recommended Practices 100-1 and
100-2, provide detailed specifications
for pressure containment and well
integrity, as well as environmental
safeguards. These include groundwater
protection, waste management,
emissions reduction, site planning, and
worker training.
The release follows last year's
publication of ANSI/API Bulletin 1003, which outlines community
engagement guidelines to help operators
communicate effectively with local
residents and pursue mutual goals for
community growth, API confirms.
"Like all our guidelines on hydraulic
fracturing, the new standards are
accessible on our website and shared
with regulators at every level of
government," Miller remarks. "Our
voluntary standards serve as an
important source of information for
state regulators, who finalized 82



American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2015

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2015

Contents
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2015 - Cover1
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2015 - Cover2
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2015 - Contents
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2015 - 4
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American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2015 - Cover3
American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2015 - Cover4
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