American Oil and Gas Reporter - January 2017 - 102

Tech Trends
that represented the Eagle Ford Shale
and the overlying interface with the Upper
Eagle Ford Marl. This technique exposed
other similar and sizeable objectives in
the overall stratigraphic section. In fact,
it revealed that filled scour structures
carved into the top of the Georgetown
and an uncalibrated zone (possibly
Pearsall) shared the facies characteristics
of the Eagle Ford, which suggests that
these other formations likely include similar organic-rich shale facies.
Figure 1A is a conventional amplitude
seismic display with a red/white/black
1-D color scheme. This northwest-tosoutheast seismic section is across the
location of well 6. It shows the Austin
Chalk/Eagle Ford group/Buda stratigraphic
interval resolved in roughly three
peak/trough cycles. Amplitudes appear
"boosted" and formations appear "continuous," yet details are obscured rather
than resolved, and occur in the amplitude
domain, where tuning, absorption and
other vertical influence effects are a legitimate concern.
Figure 1B displays the results of an
SOM of multiple instantaneous attributes
colored by up to 64 classes of neurons
(an 8 x 8 topology). A seismic interval
from 10 milliseconds below the Buda to
100 milliseconds above the Buda near
the top of the Austin Chalk was chosen
for the SOM run. Resolution clearly improves when the interpretation interval is
reduced to only the area of interest, or to
a few depositional sequences.

The results reveal non-layer-cake facies
bands that include details in the Eagle
Ford's basal clay-rich shale, multiple
high- and low-resistivity Eagle Ford objectives, low-resistivity ashy beds in the
Eagle Ford, and the Upper Eagle Ford
Marl, all of which are overlain disconformably by the Austin Chalk.
The basal clay shale is resolved distinctly on top of the Buda, generally by
neuron 1 (dark gray). Its lithologic and
neural uniqueness are concomitant with
its distal detrital or pelagic emplacement
after deposition of the underlying Buda
carbonates. The BCS also is distinct from
the overlying downlap of two red neurons
(black arrow) and subsequent transgressive
(white arrow) greyish-gold Eagle Ford
high-resistivity, organic-rich facies.
Mapping Geobodies
A previously unknown, encapsulated
and discontinuous core of rust-colored
facies within the gold section of the Eagle
Ford also was well resolved (Figures 2A
and 2B). This zone can be localized and
its distribution understood by moving the
top Eagle Ford horizon down to intersect
the geobody shallow (where its fairway
is wide), and deeper (where its fairway
is narrow). A change in the 2-D color
map helped facilitate the geobody's extraction. This geobody also was discriminated by selection of only its three
neurons in a 2-D color map. Calibration
has proven this zone to be of the high-resistivity, high-productivity target reservoir

FIGURE 2A
Offset 0.012 Milliseconds Below
Top Eagle Ford Shale

Inline 3

102 THE AMERICAN OIL & GAS REPORTER

type.
The Eagle Ford Ash lies above the
gold section and comprises a different
red facies than the downlap. It is resolved
downdip as discontinuous and concave
or low-seeking fill at the top of the Eagle
Ford Shale. Rather than showing simple
layers, the Upper Eagle Ford Marl (purple
and magenta colors in Figure 1B) exhibits
updip and downdip facies changes and
features that may signify faults, fluid fill,
and/or facies changes.
Figure 3A shows another geobody,
which is highlighted by brown and yellow
neurons, in the vicinity of the 11V calibration well and a cluster of associated
horizontal wells. Note the concave upward
shapes of the geobody's elements. This
geobody is stratigraphically above the
rust zone. Only one of the lateral boreholes
appears to sample it, while most of these
wells targeted the Upper Eagle Ford Marl.
Figure 3B shows a time slice of the
same geobody taken at 2.722 seconds
with the SOM classification. Stratigraphic
"up" (the top of the Eagle Ford group) is
to the right (gold marker), and "down"
(the Buda) is to the left (gray marker).
Note that the red lap-out (black arrow)
and the rust geobody on-lap (white arrow)
both lie below this geobody.
The left view shows the same slice
with a 10 percent probability filter on.
The white overlay indicates that all of
the Eagle Ford is rare or anomalous, and
likely is hydrocarbon-rich. Note also the
indication of a fault trace highlighted by

FIGURE 2B
Offset 0.016 Milliseconds Below
Top Eagle Ford Shale



American Oil and Gas Reporter - January 2017

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