American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2022 - 78

disks and arrows correspond to the curves
from the graph.
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A Barnett operator utilized the PGT
system to determine how deep the frac
treatment fluids reached into the refractured
lateral. The strategy was to squeeze
off the original perforations in the well
with cement and fire new clusters for the
refracturing treatment using PGT perf
gun systems in between the original clusters.
In addition, proppant tracers were
pumped into the refracture treatment on
surface during the sand-laden fluid stages
to see how far the proppant could be carried
into the lateral.
The results of the PGT indicate that
the fracturing fluids reached all the way
to the toe-most new cluster in the well,
which was about 1,300 feet from the heel
cluster. The majority of the proppant
however, only reached about half that
distance, and was a likely result of lower-velocity
fluids in the toe-side of the
well. The proppant signature that was in
the heel portion of the well did correlate
well to the locations of the PGT clusters.
Figure 4 shows a rendering of the refractured
well with the PGT water tracer
returns represented as disks and the proppant
tracer signature represented by the
red, yellow and blue spikes.
An operator in Oklahoma decided to
utilize proppant, oil and water tracer diFIGURE
6
Acid Treatment with Oil and Water PGT
agnostics on a single-stage vertical well
refracture treatment. The water and oil
tracers were delivered directly into each
of the two perforation intervals using
PGT perf gun systems. A unique water
and oil tracer also was used for each interval.
Figure 5 shows a rendering of the
tracer diagnostics. The proppant tracers
were well distributed across the perforation
intervals. The water returns were highest
from the shallower interval and the oil
tracer returns were about even between
the two intervals.
A post-frac temperature survey (red
curve) shows that most formation
cooldown (a result of cooler fracturing
fluids on the formation) happened above
the targeted perforation interval. Much
less fracture growth below the intended
perforation interval was evidenced by
the rapid warm back to the geothermal
gradient (blue curve) below the targeted
perforation interval. The water, oil and
proppant tracers indicated that the refractured
interval was propped successfully
and producing both oil and water
from both intervals.
In the Permian Basin, an operator deployed
PGT gun systems with both oil
and water tracers to determine which intervals
in a vertical well were responsible
for the highest water and oil returns prior
to a single-stage acidization treatment.
Water
Oil
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78 THE AMERICAN OIL & GAS REPORTER
American Oil and Gas Reporter - December 2022

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