American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2016 - 55

Key To
Operating Strategies
In Unconventional Plays
By Keith L. Schilling
THE WOODLANDS, TX.-Oil and natural gas are the indispensable
cornerstones on which the modern world is built, but it is hard to imagine a
more essential natural resource than water. Although hydraulic fracturing
accounts for less than 1 percent of total annual U.S. water withdrawals, water
plays a critical role in well stimulation operations. Consequently, successful
ﬁeld operations increasingly depend on eﬃcient and economical water
management strategies, and domestic producers continue to implement
innovative solutions to optimize water sourcing, logistics, treating, recycling
and minimize or altogether eliminate disposal.
In step with the development of unconventional resource plays, the U.S.
Energy Information Administration says the number of hydraulically fractured
U.S. oil and natural gas wells has increased 12-fold over the past decade and a
half, going from 49,000 to more than 600,000 wells in 2015. EIA notes that
production from hydraulically fractured wells now accounts for two-thirds of
total U.S. gas output and 50 percent of oil production-up from only 7 percent
and 2 percent, respectively, in 2000-and more than 90 percent of all new wells
drilled in the United States are estimated to require fracturing treatments.
Getting those tight reservoirs stimulated and all that production ﬂowing to
market has necessitated a corresponding increase in the amount of water
pumped per well. According to the U.S. Geological Survey, median water
volumes for fracturing horizontal wells increased from 177,000 gallons a well
in 2000 to more than 4 million gallons for each oil well and 5.1 million gallons
for each gas well hydraulically fractured in 2014.
AUGUST 2016 55

American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2016

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American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2016 - Cover1
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American Oil and Gas Reporter - August 2016 - Contents
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