American Oil and Gas Reporter - February 2015 - 103
data and improvements in imaging algorithms. However, much of this has not
been available on the Shelf, except for
long-offset 2-D data. But with the commercial application of full-azimuth nodal
surveys using ocean-bottom node technology, new, industry-leading seismic images are within reach, and provide an advanced path to continued development
and the future for the Shelf.
Operations And Logistics
The Shelf region holds a number of
unique operational and logistical challenges for exploration, drilling and production, not the least of which are the
Bureau of Ocean Energy Management's
five-year lease term conditions. As BOEM
enters its 2017-22 planning cycle, many
requests have been made to make Shelf
lease terms similar to the 10-year terms
on deepwater blocks.
Considering, however, that BOEM is
not likely to make such a change, companies must execute exploration and development plans within the guise of the
current cycle time. To optimize those
plans, operators require superior data that
meet the current and future demands of
exploration, field development, and infrastructure planning and utilization.
For most geoscientists, the natural alternative would be to acquire new WAZ
data. Unfortunately, the water depths (10300 meters) and amount of infrastructure
prohibit acquiring new data.
The turn radius for line changes required
for modern WAZ configurations (often
10-20 kilometers), the setback distance
for obstructions (generally 500 meters),
and the required run-in distance to meet
the obstruction setback distance, in simple
terms are not attainable on the Shelf.
Figure 3 provides an example of coverage loss resulting from avoiding infrastructure. These significant gaps in data
create imaging challenges that cannot be
overcome other than by "infilling" with
short-offset ocean bottom cable or early
vintage narrow-azimuth (NAZ) data.
Thankfully, with the development of
OBN technology, these challenges can
be averted and the capability to acquire
new seismic data with all the offerings
of MWAZ, FAZ and more has become a
reality. Industry has the ability to deploy
a regular grid of seismic receivers within
100 meters of offshore structures and
with no limit to offsets and azimuths. We
can avoid feathering issues caused by
surface currents, and are not limited by
operational speed and deployment capacity
(number and length of streamers).
FIGURE 2
Gulf of Mexico Shelf Opportunities
FIGURE 3
Limitations in Streamer Recording
FIGURE 4
Imaging Uplift from NAZ to MWAZ Data
Ocean Bottom Nodes
In the history of geotechnical data,
the ability to integrate, analyze and simFEBRUARY 2015 103
American Oil and Gas Reporter - February 2015
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of American Oil and Gas Reporter - February 2015
Contents
American Oil and Gas Reporter - February 2015 - Cover1
American Oil and Gas Reporter - February 2015 - Cover2
American Oil and Gas Reporter - February 2015 - Contents
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