American Oil and Gas Reporter - July 2016 - 81
SpecialReport: Big Data & Geostatistics
filtered with a 0-2-22-24 hertz filter. Because of the near-offset concentration of
the residual surface-wave energy, a range
from 2,000 to 15,000 feet offset was selected after several forward-modeling parameterizations.
Early-arrival muting was applied so
that only refracted and diving waves were
used, and not reflected events. The starting
interval velocity model was the nonlinear
tomography result. An 11-hertz Ricker
zero-phase wavelet was employed for the
FWI. The model's depth ranged from
-3,220 to +65 feet below mean sea level.
Scaling was applied to the synthetic
gathers to match the denoised band-passfiltered shot gathers only once before the
FWI production run. The FWI finite difference modeling then was computed
from topography.
As noted, this study was undertaken
without the availability or use of well information. Figure 2 compares the results
of the FWI study with the actual well
logs. As can be seen, the FWI results
agree very closely with the shallow sonic
logs. In particular, the velocity inversion
zones are delineated clearly with the FWI
FIGURE 2
Full-Waveform Inversion and Shallow Well Velocities
Xline
Well
565 579 593 607 621 635 649 663
Well A
Color Data: FWI_vers4_flatten
Inserted Curve Data: Gamma Ray
Inserted Color Data: P-wave
733 747 761 775 789 803 817 831 845 859 873 887 901 915
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
2,200
2,400
2,600
2,800
3,000
3,200
and match the well logs.
The denoised CDP gathers after zerophase corrections and the final velocity
model from FWI were input into Kirchhoff
prestack depth migration. The Kirchhoff
PSDM was run from the land topography
Positive Data
19,755
19,265
18,776
18,286
17,796
17,306
16,816
16,327
15,837
15,347
14,857
14,367
13,878
13,388
12,898
12,408
11,918
11,429
10,939
10,449
9,959
9,469
8,980
8,490
8,000
and used a 6,000-foot aperture and a maximum dip of 50 degrees. Figure 3 shows
the results of the PSDM compared with
the gamma ray logs and Yates top. The
Yates reflector is in agreement with the
tops, again indicating that the vertical trans-
American Oil and Gas Reporter - July 2016
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of American Oil and Gas Reporter - July 2016
Contents
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American Oil and Gas Reporter - July 2016 - Cover2
American Oil and Gas Reporter - July 2016 - Contents
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