American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 70

SpecialReport: Drilling Fluids Update
TABLE 1
Formulations of Salt-Free versus Conventional NAF Test Samples
NAF Sample
Base oil
Emulsiﬁer
Alkalinity
Low-end rheology modiﬁer
Organophilic lignite
Organophilic clay
Polymeric viscosiﬁer
Polymeric ﬁltration control
Internal phase
Simulated drill solids
Weight material

Approximate Traditional NAF
Formulation (pounds/bbl)
157
11
1
0.2
4
2
0
0
Brine
20
217

Salt-Free NAF Formulation
(pounds/bbl)
157
11
1
1.5
0
0
4
3
Aq. organic internal phase
20
217

Source: Jonathan Walker, et. al., IADC/SPE 2016.

increase in height of the core plug during
the exposure period related directly to
the level of interaction between the fluid
and substrate.
Nonaqueous Fluids
Nonaqueous fluids (NAFs) remain the
choice for offshore drilling. In deep water,

drilling fluids are constructed exclusively
with synthetics, typically an olefin or in
some cases a low-toxicity mineral oil or
esterified vegetable oil. Synthetics are
preferred because they eliminate wellbore
stability problems caused by shale water-wetting and minimize nonproductive
time.

Weight material sag (barite particle
settling) occurs during drilling operations
when NAFs remain idle in the wellbore
for an extended time at static or lowshear conditions. Fluid composition, fluid
properties, well geometry, and borehole
conditions also influence sag behavior.
Halliburton has developed a method
for predicting real-time sag in the wellbore
and the fluid mud weight collected at the
surface as it is circulated out after a sag
event. The method gives mud engineers
a new tool for evaluating sag behavior,
and could enable fast decision making at
the rig site to optimize fluid formulations
and operating conditions to manage sag.
In a paper presented at the 2016
IADC/SPE drilling conference, Sandeep
Kulkarni, Dale Jamison and Joshua Gollapalli reported on the development of
the comprehensive computational sag
modeling approach using fluid composi-

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Recompletions Solutions

American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016

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