American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016 - 74

ematically correcting empirical data so
that low-gravity concentrations can be
reported more accurately.
Fluids Automation

The Next Generation
in Deepwater
Completion Fluids
HEAVY CLEAR BRINE SOLUTION
HIGH-DENSITY * SOLIDS-FREE
ZINC-FREE AND FORMATE-FREE
COMPLETION FLUID

The days of manual fluid property
analysis are disappearing rapidly. Nextgeneration measurement tools and techniques make it possible to carry out sophisticated drilling fluid analyses using
automated equipment.
Recognizing the important role that
automated particle size analyzers will
play in future drilling operations, the
University of Texas at Austin conducted
a comprehensive experimental study of
advanced particle size analyzers to investigate their utility for automated drilling
fluid analysis.
The study used three devices that automatically determine particle sizes in a
drilling fluid: an imaging microscope, a
laser diffraction instrument, and a dynamic
light-scattering instrument. The devices
were deployed in conjunction with UT
test facilities, including a flow loop and
shearing device, to examine the particle
size distribution of lost circulation and
wellbore strengthening materials, and the
behavior of emulsion droplet-size distribution of NAFs.
While the imaging microscope produced the most accurate results, it also
was the most labor-intensive to operate,
requiring an expert user. Simplification
and automation of its operating procedure
will need to happen before it can be deployed in field operations.
The laser diffraction equipment proved
to be the most reliable, and exhibited excellent repeatability in the laboratory environment. However, it also required an
expert user and manual labor to operate.
In its current state, and without automation

and in-line deployment, it also is not
suitable for field deployment.
The focused beam reflectance measurement equipment proved easiest to
operate and could work on opaque fluids
with no dilution required. It also offered
the ability to operate in a fully automated
mode and to be applied in a field environment, as has been done on a limited trial
basis. On the downside, its chord length
approach with conversion to volumeweighted distribution proved to be the
least accurate quantitatively, and was the
most sensitive option to changes in the
particle size of nonspherical materials.
The days of a single daily mud check,
augmented with a few partial checks,
also are a thing of the past, thanks to automated fluid rheology technology developed through another University of
Texas at Austin research project.
This technology enables a practical
automated approach with minimum maintenance efforts to continuously monitor
drilling fluid rheological parameters at
the rig site. Accurately measuring rheological properties is essential to optimizing
wellbore construction and managing hydraulics. It becomes even more crucial
in deepwater drilling, given the narrow
mud windows, which may require advanced technologies such as managed
pressure and dual-gradient drilling.
Central to the new approach is a device
based on a pipe viscometer configuration
(Figure 5) that continuously and automatically monitors rheological properties.
Pressure loss is measured at several flow
rates, which can be used to determine
rheological properties. The device records
the frictional pressure loss at multiple
flow rates covering laminar and turbulent
flow regimes.

FIGURE 5
Pipe Viscometer Schematic
∇

Inlet

P

Flow
Meter

Outlet
Entrance Section

www.tetratec.com

Test Section

Exit Section

Source: Ali Karimi Vajargah, et. al., SPE 2016 Deepwater Drilling & Completions Conference



American Oil and Gas Reporter - November 2016

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