American Oil and Gas Reporter - May 2015 - 92
GOR Analysis
FIGURE 2
Primary Flash Pressure and Low-Pressure Flash
40%
35%
30%
25%
Flash Gas % of Total Flow
20%
Flash Gas % of Total
MMBtu/d
15%
10%
5%
0%
50
150
250
HPS Pressure (psig)
In addition, facility engineers tend to
run process simulations using mole percentage data while raw chromatograph
data uses mass percentage. PVTs calculate
the mole percentage using assumed molecular weights for each of the CNs, introducing another level of uncertainty. Accordingly, engineers should use mass
92 THE AMERICAN OIL & GAS REPORTER
350
percentage information instead of mole
percentage. It also should be noted that
PVT analyses in process simulations do
not always provide accurate properties
with high-paraffin oils. For example, oils
often contain parrafins with much higher
molecular weight components than those
reported in PVT studies.
Gas-to-oil ratio information normally
is developed from analogue offset wells
for facilities engineers to use in designing
gas handling equipment in shale plays. Although the GOR is developed from actual data, the operating conditions of the
wells can strongly influence data accuracy, and the design of pad and downstream
gas handling/processing equipment. GOR
depends on the operating temperature
and pressure of the primary oil and gas
separator, additional lower pressure flashes of the oil, the existence of vapor recovery, and conditions at the oil measurement
(frequently on-pad tankage).
In many cases, GOR is based on oil
measurement either at the primary separator, or at the tankage using production
numbers for the well. Gas measurement
typically is taken at the primary separator
conditions, and only rarely is adjusted for
vapor recovery, preventing closure of facility material balances. Table 2 compares
the GOR values from alkane and PIONA
simulations of a typical shale oil well using the same data as in Table 1.
GOR information from production reporting typically uses only the main gas
American Oil and Gas Reporter - May 2015
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of American Oil and Gas Reporter - May 2015
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American Oil and Gas Reporter - May 2015 - Cover2
American Oil and Gas Reporter - May 2015 - Contents
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